Reinterpreting Ba Duan Jing From the Theories of the Eight Extra Meridians
Lee Chang-Chih May 10th 2005
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Discussion
Based the above table, we proposed two issues for further discussion; the first is the relationship between the exercise forms and the effects, and the second is the relationship between the order of the forms and the Eight Extra Meridians.
Issue One
Tracking back in history, we know that Ba Duan Jin probably have been passed down by Daoist Monk Zhong Li-Quan (鍾離權) or Song General Yue Fei (岳飛). Ba Duan Jin comes in forms of sitting, standing, soft, and hard trainings. It is rather difficult for us to get the complete picture of how the forms are practiced from the verses; therefore, we will not discuss the history or attempt to categorize the practice forms. Instead, we will focus on the effects and the possible relationships between the effects to the Eight Extra Meridians.
By such, we place the main focus on the effects and use the practice forms as secondary references.
Issue Two
From the verses, we see that some of the practice forms are arranged in different orders. Does it mean that the orders are closely connected to the theories of the Eight Extra Meridians, like the orders of Yi Jin Jing forms, which follow the order of the twelve meridians?
Different from the twelve meridians, the Eight Extra Meridians do not govern specific organs, neither are they connected; therefore, there would be no specified orders or relationships of interconnection. Rather, they are interconnected through the twelve meridians.
Therefore, for this research, we use the most commonly adopted version (edited by the Bureau of Sports,
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Ba Duan Jin Forms
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Eight Extra Meridians
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Circulatory Routes and Acupuncture points of the Eight Extra Meridians[1]
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Converging points[2]
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Brief Description
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Form One
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兩手托天理三焦
Two hands holding up to the sky, Sanjiao enter into the mind
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Yangwei
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起於諸陽會（維絡於身）。
Starts from Zhuyang and connects all meridians
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目銳眥、耳後、頰、頸、肩。
Eyes, back of years, cheeks, neck, and shoulders.
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外關穴通於陽維脈，而外關穴屬於手少陽三焦經，此招式動作上下舒展可以暢通全身，調理三焦。The Waiguan point connects to the Yangwei[3] meridian. The Waiguan point is part of the Hand Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian; therefore, up and down stretching exercises of this form relaxes the full body and cares for the Sanjiao.
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Form Two
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左右彎弓似射雕
Pulling left and pulling right, open bows aim far behind
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Yinqiao
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起於跟中，循內踝，上行至咽喉，交貫衝脈。
Starts from the middle section of the heels, goes up along the inner angles, up to the throat, and crosses the Chong Mai
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肺係、咽喉、 胸膈。
Lungs, throat, and diaphragm.
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依照古文這一招式可調理肺的功能，陰蹻脈也剛好通過肺臟，開弓的動作對於肺與肝都有按摩的功效，陰蹻脈與此招式相配。
According to the documentations, this form regulates lung functions. Yinqiao passes the lungs. The left and right pulling exercises massage the lungs and liver; therefore, the Yinqiao meridian matches this form.
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Form Three
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調理脾胃須單舉
Lifting high with Single hand, keeping gallbladder and stomach in the hand
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Yinwei
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起於諸陰交（維絡於身）。
Starts from the converging point of all yin meridians and covers the whole body.
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胃、心、胸
Stomach, heart, and chest
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陰維脈循行經脾胃主胸腹部的疾病，由陰維內關穴主治歌[4]可知，內關穴也通達於陰維脈，該穴也是治療腹部疾病等要穴，故該招式與陰維穴相配。
The Yinwei Meridian circulates the spleen and stomach and regulated the organs in the chest and abdomen. According to the Verse about Yinwei and Neiguan point, “Neiguan point connects to the Yinwei Meridian.” Neiguan point is also an acupuncture point for abdominal illnesses; therefore, this form matches the Yinwei meridian.
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Form Four
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五勞七傷往後瞧
Looking back to the heels internal injury clears
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Yangqiao
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起於跟中，循外踝，上行入風池。
Starts from the middle of the heels and goes along the outer ankle and up to Fengci.
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目內眥、耳、頸項、肩、小腸、膀胱。
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以眼後瞧促進陽蹻脈氣血，而轉身時以刺激太陽膀胱經上的「膏肓穴」，該穴可以治虛損與五勞七傷，陽蹻脈與太陽膀胱經有相當的關係，故本式與陽蹻脈相配。
Looking backward indeed promotes blood circulation of the Yangqiao Meridian, and turning back stimulates the Gauhuang point on the Taiyang Urinary Bladder. This acupuncture point is often used for exhaustion and internal injuries[5]. There is a close relationship between the Yangqiao Meridian and the Taiyang Urinary Bladder Meridian; therefore, this form matches the Yangqiao Meridian.
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Form Five
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搖頭擺尾去心火
Shaking head and moving tail rids the internal fire
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Dai Mai
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起於季脅，迴身一週。
Starts from Jixie and circulate the body cross-section-wise.
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目銳眥、耳後、頰、頸、肩。
Eyes, back of years, cheeks, neck, and shoulders.
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帶脈由足少陰經而上，出屬帶脈[6]，故能強腎水以退心火，帶脈臨氣穴主治歌，可治眼赤頭旋風熱之症，與去心火之意相似，且此招動作左右旋繞有帶動帶脈的功效，故以此招示配合帶脈。Dai mai moves up along the Leg Shaoyin Meridian[7]; therefore, it cares for the kidneys and eliminates the heat in the heart. According to the Dai mai therapy verse, Dai mai therapies cure irritated eyes, headache, and heat. It is similar to the therapies for heat in the heart; therefore, the effect of the left-right rotating form matches the Dai Mai.
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Form Six
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兩手攀足固腎腰
Bending down, reaching the feet makes the kidney strong and sound
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Chong Mai
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起於氣衝，並足陽明之經，夾臍上行，至胸中而散。
Starts from Inching and moves along the Leg Yangming Meridian; it moves up to the naval and disperse in the chest.
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胃、心、胸
Stomach, heart, and chest
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衝脈在腹部的穴位與腎經相同，衝脈十二經之海，與少陰之大絡起於腎下，出於氣街，衝脈與先天腎之真氣並行而充於全身，招式提其上行與衝脈相配。Acupuncture points connected by the Chong Mai are similar to that of the Kidney Meridian[8]. Chong Mai is the sea of all meridians. Chong Mai flows along the innate Qi from the kidney into the whole body; therefore, the up-lifting form matches the Chong Mai.
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