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Developments of Martial Arts in Taiwan
Master Lee,Chang-chih
All rights reserved
Director of the Martial Arts Faculty
of Intercultural Open University
www.kongfu.org January 31st, 2005
Hong Quan (洪拳)
Many legends have denoted the origin of Hong Jia Quan (Hong Family Fist, commonly known as Hong Quan). the most widely agreed story would be the Hong Xi-Guan (洪熙官) story. Legend has it that Hong Xi-Guan entered as a pupil under the Zhi-Shan Zen Master (至善禪師) of Shaolin Temple. After completed his training, he created a style of kungfu based on Shaolin martial art. His surname is Hong; therefore, the style of kungfu is called the Hong Quan. Hong Quan has two styles: one is a widespread and wide-open combat skill – this is the more commonly known style, and the other is a narrow spread close combat style. Modifications are common to a school of martial arts that have existed for a few hundred years with numerous practitioners to suit the trend and individual needs.
Guangdong (Cantonese) Hong Quan has been widely used in Hong Kong kungfu movies; therefore, it is a more commonly seen style of martial art familiar to people. Mr. Qi Guan-Jun (戚冠軍) from Hong Kong and the Ling-Nan Martial Art Association in Taiwan have trained many Hong Quan masters in Taiwan. However, most Hong Quan practitioners in Taiwan have probably been trained by Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi (張克治). Hong Quan taught by Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi is very different from the Guangdong school. Currently, there are many trainers teaching Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi’s Hong Quan, for example, Mr. You Shao-Lan (尤少嵐) of Shaolin Hong Quan Association R.O.C. and Dr. Lu Wen-Cheng (盧文琛) in Zhongli. Unofficial documentation documented the lineage of Hong Quan as the following: Grand Master Hong Xi-Guan (洪熙官)→ Hong Wen-Ding (洪文定)→ Lu A-Cai (陸阿彩)→ Huang Qi-Ying (黃麒英)→ Huang Fei-Hong (黃飛鴻)→ Lin Jia-Kun (林家坤)→ Zhang Ke-Zhi (張克治).
Ba-Ji Quan (八極拳)
Ba-Ji Quan was originated in Dong-Nan Village of Cang County, Hebei Province. Based in Cang County, Ba-Ji Quan spread to the neighboring Yanyou County, Nanpi County, and Ningjing County in Qing Dynasty. Ba-Ji Quan was called the “Ba Zi Quan” in the old times. Ba-Ji Quan is a powerful style of martial art with maximum strength, emphasizing coordination of eight body parts – head, shoulder, elbow, hands, tailbone, crotch, knees, and feet.
Since there are a large number of masters practicing Ba-Ji Quan, various styles of Ba-Ji Quan have been developed, such as the Wu Baji, Huo Baji, Qiang Baji, and Ji Baji. Among which, the most famous Ba-Ji masters are Li Shu-Wen (李書文) and his two students – Mr. Huo Dian-Ge (霍殿閣) and Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Mr. Huo Dian-Ge became the martial art trainer of the last emperor – Pu Yi, and Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao became the head guard of the Presidential Hall after he came to Taiwan. The two highly noticeable masters made Ba-Ji Quan even more famous.
Practice of Ba-Ji Quan in Taiwan mainly centers on the Central Martial Art Institute （中央國術館）System. In the Central Martial Art Institute, Mr. Ma Ying-Tu (馬英圖) and his colleagues taught Ba-Ji Quan and its combat skills. Its set-forms are almost identical to the Huo Baji. Trainees of the Central Martial Art Institute came to Taiwan with the Republic Government were mostly highly skilled in Ba-Ji Quan. During the earlier period, Mr. Li Yuan-Zhi (李元智) served as a martial art trainer in the military, and, ever since, Ba-Ji Quan became a required course of the Ministry. Ba-Ji Quan was also taught by Mr. Pan Wen-Dou (潘文斗) in Han Men Martial Art Institute and Mr. Fan Zhi-Xiao (范之孝) when he was teaching at the Department of Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University.
The most widespread Ba-Ji Quan currently in Taiwan is the style passed down by Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao established the Wu Tan（武壇）, which contributed greatly to the martial art development in Taiwan. Wu Tan’s Ba-Ji Quan forms include the Baji Minor, Baji Major, Baji Serial, and Liu Da Kai. There are quite a number of famous Ba-Ji Quan masters trained by Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Ba-Ji Quan training is available at the Wu Tan Martial Art Center, Ba-Ji Quan Association of R.O.C. – Mr. Ye Qi-Lin (葉啟立), Da Nei Ba-Ji Martial Art Development Association – Mr. Jin Li-Yan (金立言), Zi-Ge Martial Art School – Mr. Xu Ji (徐紀), and Ba-Ji Mantis – Mr. Su Yu-Zhang (蘇昱彰). In addition, Mr. Ji Zhao-Hua (季昭華) is also teaching the Ji Family Ba-Ji Quan at Taiwan University and Mr. Wang Feng-Ting (王鳳亭) of Gong-Li Men has also taught Ba-Ji Quan during earlier times.
Tang Lang Quan (螳螂拳, Mantis Fist)
Mantis Fist is also a popular style of martial art in Taiwan. It is believed that Wang Lang (王朗) of Shangdong created this style of martial art in late Ming/early Qing. Wang Lang was once a pupil in Shaolin Temple. Legend has it that he tried very hard to meet the level of his senior colleagues, but all efforts failed. One day, he saw a mantis, and on observing the mantis, he was inspired by its combat movements. After a period of close observation, he created the twelve basic movements of Mantis Fist – stick (粘, zhan), glue (黏, nian), adhere (貼, tie), lean (靠, kao), clutch (刁, tiao), advance (進, jin), plunge (崩, beng), hit (打, da), hook (勾, gou), hold (摟, lou), grab (採, cai), and hang (掛, gua). Combined with the essence of seventeen genres of famous Northern martial arts and monkey steps, Wang Lang created the Mantis style. Therefore, it can be said that Mantis Fist is a style containing the essences of eighteen schools of martial arts.
In the earlier period, one of the famous Mantis masters was Mr. Li Kun-Shan (李昆山). Mr. Li Kun-Shan scored the top in the long-range weapon category of Shangdong Province Martial Art Exam and Nanjing Martial Art Exam in 1933. The style taught by him was the Qi-Xing Tang-Lang (Seven-Star Mantis). Many renowned masters in Taiwan have studied with him. Among which, Mr. Wang Song-Ting (王松亭), know as the “Iron Arms”, also taught Seven-Star Mantis. Currently, there is Mr. Gao Dao-Sheng (高道生) teaching master Wang’s martial art in the Chang-Quan Mantis Institute established by him. Chang-Quan Mantis Institute has had a long history of training Mantis masters with students in not only Taiwan but also all over the world. Mr. Gao Dao-Sheng has, for many times, been invited to Japan to teach. At present, a number of his students are teaching in Taiwan. Mr. Lin Chang-Xiang (林昌湘) in Danshui established the Qing Dao Martial Art Institute, promoting Chang-Quan Mantis, and its Songshan Branch is hosted by Mr. Yan Ming-Da (顏明達). Mr. Zhang Xiang-San (張詳三) is famous for his Liu-He Mantis. His student, Mr. Dai Shi-Zhe (戴士哲) is currently teaching and promoting the art in Taipei. Mr. Wei Xiao-Tang (衛笑堂) is famous for his Babu Mantis (eight-step mantis), and his student, Mr. Zhang De-Kui (張德奎) is a master in “Mi-Men Mantis”. He has students – Mr. Yang Feng-Shi (楊逢時), teaching in Chinese Culture University and Mr. Shi Zhen-Zhong (施振忠), who established the “Tainan Penglai Martial Art Institute”. There are also Mr. Jia Jin-Ting (賈金亭) and Zhu Yong-Qiang (朱勇強) currently teaching Mantis Fist in Taiwan.
Master Lee,Chang-chih
All rights reserved
Director of the Martial Arts Faculty
of Intercultural Open University
www.kongfu.org January 31st, 2005
Hong Quan (洪拳)
Many legends have denoted the origin of Hong Jia Quan (Hong Family Fist, commonly known as Hong Quan). the most widely agreed story would be the Hong Xi-Guan (洪熙官) story. Legend has it that Hong Xi-Guan entered as a pupil under the Zhi-Shan Zen Master (至善禪師) of Shaolin Temple. After completed his training, he created a style of kungfu based on Shaolin martial art. His surname is Hong; therefore, the style of kungfu is called the Hong Quan. Hong Quan has two styles: one is a widespread and wide-open combat skill – this is the more commonly known style, and the other is a narrow spread close combat style. Modifications are common to a school of martial arts that have existed for a few hundred years with numerous practitioners to suit the trend and individual needs.
Guangdong (Cantonese) Hong Quan has been widely used in Hong Kong kungfu movies; therefore, it is a more commonly seen style of martial art familiar to people. Mr. Qi Guan-Jun (戚冠軍) from Hong Kong and the Ling-Nan Martial Art Association in Taiwan have trained many Hong Quan masters in Taiwan. However, most Hong Quan practitioners in Taiwan have probably been trained by Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi (張克治). Hong Quan taught by Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi is very different from the Guangdong school. Currently, there are many trainers teaching Mr. Zhang Ke-Zhi’s Hong Quan, for example, Mr. You Shao-Lan (尤少嵐) of Shaolin Hong Quan Association R.O.C. and Dr. Lu Wen-Cheng (盧文琛) in Zhongli. Unofficial documentation documented the lineage of Hong Quan as the following: Grand Master Hong Xi-Guan (洪熙官)→ Hong Wen-Ding (洪文定)→ Lu A-Cai (陸阿彩)→ Huang Qi-Ying (黃麒英)→ Huang Fei-Hong (黃飛鴻)→ Lin Jia-Kun (林家坤)→ Zhang Ke-Zhi (張克治).
Ba-Ji Quan (八極拳)
Ba-Ji Quan was originated in Dong-Nan Village of Cang County, Hebei Province. Based in Cang County, Ba-Ji Quan spread to the neighboring Yanyou County, Nanpi County, and Ningjing County in Qing Dynasty. Ba-Ji Quan was called the “Ba Zi Quan” in the old times. Ba-Ji Quan is a powerful style of martial art with maximum strength, emphasizing coordination of eight body parts – head, shoulder, elbow, hands, tailbone, crotch, knees, and feet.
Since there are a large number of masters practicing Ba-Ji Quan, various styles of Ba-Ji Quan have been developed, such as the Wu Baji, Huo Baji, Qiang Baji, and Ji Baji. Among which, the most famous Ba-Ji masters are Li Shu-Wen (李書文) and his two students – Mr. Huo Dian-Ge (霍殿閣) and Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Mr. Huo Dian-Ge became the martial art trainer of the last emperor – Pu Yi, and Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao became the head guard of the Presidential Hall after he came to Taiwan. The two highly noticeable masters made Ba-Ji Quan even more famous.
Practice of Ba-Ji Quan in Taiwan mainly centers on the Central Martial Art Institute （中央國術館）System. In the Central Martial Art Institute, Mr. Ma Ying-Tu (馬英圖) and his colleagues taught Ba-Ji Quan and its combat skills. Its set-forms are almost identical to the Huo Baji. Trainees of the Central Martial Art Institute came to Taiwan with the Republic Government were mostly highly skilled in Ba-Ji Quan. During the earlier period, Mr. Li Yuan-Zhi (李元智) served as a martial art trainer in the military, and, ever since, Ba-Ji Quan became a required course of the Ministry. Ba-Ji Quan was also taught by Mr. Pan Wen-Dou (潘文斗) in Han Men Martial Art Institute and Mr. Fan Zhi-Xiao (范之孝) when he was teaching at the Department of Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University.
The most widespread Ba-Ji Quan currently in Taiwan is the style passed down by Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao established the Wu Tan（武壇）, which contributed greatly to the martial art development in Taiwan. Wu Tan’s Ba-Ji Quan forms include the Baji Minor, Baji Major, Baji Serial, and Liu Da Kai. There are quite a number of famous Ba-Ji Quan masters trained by Mr. Liu Yun-Qiao (劉雲樵). Ba-Ji Quan training is available at the Wu Tan Martial Art Center, Ba-Ji Quan Association of R.O.C. – Mr. Ye Qi-Lin (葉啟立), Da Nei Ba-Ji Martial Art Development Association – Mr. Jin Li-Yan (金立言), Zi-Ge Martial Art School – Mr. Xu Ji (徐紀), and Ba-Ji Mantis – Mr. Su Yu-Zhang (蘇昱彰). In addition, Mr. Ji Zhao-Hua (季昭華) is also teaching the Ji Family Ba-Ji Quan at Taiwan University and Mr. Wang Feng-Ting (王鳳亭) of Gong-Li Men has also taught Ba-Ji Quan during earlier times.
Tang Lang Quan (螳螂拳, Mantis Fist)
Mantis Fist is also a popular style of martial art in Taiwan. It is believed that Wang Lang (王朗) of Shangdong created this style of martial art in late Ming/early Qing. Wang Lang was once a pupil in Shaolin Temple. Legend has it that he tried very hard to meet the level of his senior colleagues, but all efforts failed. One day, he saw a mantis, and on observing the mantis, he was inspired by its combat movements. After a period of close observation, he created the twelve basic movements of Mantis Fist – stick (粘, zhan), glue (黏, nian), adhere (貼, tie), lean (靠, kao), clutch (刁, tiao), advance (進, jin), plunge (崩, beng), hit (打, da), hook (勾, gou), hold (摟, lou), grab (採, cai), and hang (掛, gua). Combined with the essence of seventeen genres of famous Northern martial arts and monkey steps, Wang Lang created the Mantis style. Therefore, it can be said that Mantis Fist is a style containing the essences of eighteen schools of martial arts.
In the earlier period, one of the famous Mantis masters was Mr. Li Kun-Shan (李昆山). Mr. Li Kun-Shan scored the top in the long-range weapon category of Shangdong Province Martial Art Exam and Nanjing Martial Art Exam in 1933. The style taught by him was the Qi-Xing Tang-Lang (Seven-Star Mantis). Many renowned masters in Taiwan have studied with him. Among which, Mr. Wang Song-Ting (王松亭), know as the “Iron Arms”, also taught Seven-Star Mantis. Currently, there is Mr. Gao Dao-Sheng (高道生) teaching master Wang’s martial art in the Chang-Quan Mantis Institute established by him. Chang-Quan Mantis Institute has had a long history of training Mantis masters with students in not only Taiwan but also all over the world. Mr. Gao Dao-Sheng has, for many times, been invited to Japan to teach. At present, a number of his students are teaching in Taiwan. Mr. Lin Chang-Xiang (林昌湘) in Danshui established the Qing Dao Martial Art Institute, promoting Chang-Quan Mantis, and its Songshan Branch is hosted by Mr. Yan Ming-Da (顏明達). Mr. Zhang Xiang-San (張詳三) is famous for his Liu-He Mantis. His student, Mr. Dai Shi-Zhe (戴士哲) is currently teaching and promoting the art in Taipei. Mr. Wei Xiao-Tang (衛笑堂) is famous for his Babu Mantis (eight-step mantis), and his student, Mr. Zhang De-Kui (張德奎) is a master in “Mi-Men Mantis”. He has students – Mr. Yang Feng-Shi (楊逢時), teaching in Chinese Culture University and Mr. Shi Zhen-Zhong (施振忠), who established the “Tainan Penglai Martial Art Institute”. There are also Mr. Jia Jin-Ting (賈金亭) and Zhu Yong-Qiang (朱勇強) currently teaching Mantis Fist in Taiwan.
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